{"id":10184,"date":"2025-06-11T18:21:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T18:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/?p=10184"},"modified":"2025-10-26T18:42:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T18:42:09","slug":"how-do-marine-creatures-breathe-underwater","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/fr\/how-do-marine-creatures-breathe-underwater\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les cr\u00e9atures marines respirent-elles sous l&#039;eau ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L&#039;eau des oc\u00e9ans et des mers contient une quantit\u00e9 importante d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne dissous. Pourtant, si un \u00eatre humain tentait de respirer sous l&#039;eau, sa survie serait impossible. <!--more-->Entre-temps, <a href=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/fr\/sea-tours\/\">cr\u00e9atures marines<\/a> Faites-le naturellement et sans effort. Cela soul\u00e8ve une question fascinante\u00a0: <strong>Comment les poissons extraient-ils l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne de l&#039;eau ?<\/strong>Tous les animaux marins respirent-ils de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re\u00a0? Dans cet article, nous explorerons comment respirent diff\u00e9rentes formes de vie marine et les principales diff\u00e9rences entre les poissons et les mammif\u00e8res marins, tels que les baleines et les dauphins.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10191\" src=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/colorful-fish-swimming-in-crystal-clear-water.jpg\" alt=\"colorful fish swimming in crystal-clear water\" width=\"850\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/colorful-fish-swimming-in-crystal-clear-water.jpg 850w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/colorful-fish-swimming-in-crystal-clear-water-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/colorful-fish-swimming-in-crystal-clear-water-768x407.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/colorful-fish-swimming-in-crystal-clear-water-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>La respiration en tant que processus vital<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>L&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne est essentiel \u00e0 la vie. Il alimente chaque cellule, donnant aux \u00eatres vivants la force de bouger, de grandir et de survivre. Les humains absorbent l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne par leurs poumons, en le captant dans l&#039;air \u00e0 chaque inspiration. Les poumons l&#039;envoient ensuite dans le sang, qui le transporte vers toutes les parties du corps. En retour, le dioxyde de carbone est \u00e9limin\u00e9 comme d\u00e9chet. <em>Pour les cr\u00e9atures sous-marines, les choses fonctionnent diff\u00e9remment.<\/em>Il n&#039;y a pas d&#039;air \u00e0 respirer, seulement de l&#039;eau. Au fil de millions d&#039;ann\u00e9es, la vie marine a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des moyens extraordinaires pour absorber l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne qu&#039;elle renferme.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Comment les poissons respirent-ils sous l&#039;eau ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les poissons n&#039;ont pas de poumons comme nous. Ils respirent gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des organes sp\u00e9ciaux appel\u00e9s branchies. Ces branchies assurent la fonction vitale d&#039;\u00e9change gazeux : elles absorbent l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne et rejettent le dioxyde de carbone. Chaque branchie est compos\u00e9e de\u2026 <!--more-->de filaments fins et d\u00e9licats remplis de minuscules vaisseaux sanguins. C&#039;est ce qui leur donne leur couleur rouge vif. La plupart des poissons ont quatre paires de branchies, mais certains, comme <strong>Les requins peuvent en avoir jusqu&#039;\u00e0 sept<\/strong>.Quand un <a href=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/fr\/tour\/orange-bay\/\">le poisson ouvre la bouche<\/a>L&#039;eau p\u00e9n\u00e8tre et balaie les branchies. Le sang contenu dans les filaments capte l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne dissous et rejette du dioxyde de carbone. L&#039;eau us\u00e9e est ensuite \u00e9vacu\u00e9e par les ouvertures branchiales, comme l&#039;eau qui s&#039;\u00e9coule \u00e0 travers une passoire.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10192\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10192\" style=\"width: 687px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10192 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/A-mans-hand-shows-the-gills-of-a-fresh-carp-fish-close-up.jpg\" alt=\"A man's hand shows the gills of a fresh carp fish, close-up\" width=\"687\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/A-mans-hand-shows-the-gills-of-a-fresh-carp-fish-close-up.jpg 687w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/A-mans-hand-shows-the-gills-of-a-fresh-carp-fish-close-up-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/A-mans-hand-shows-the-gills-of-a-fresh-carp-fish-close-up-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les poissons utilisent des branchies pour respirer sous l&#039;eau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>Les difficult\u00e9s de la respiration sous-marine<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Bien que les poissons semblent bien adapt\u00e9s, la respiration sous-marine est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un processus exigeant. L&#039;eau ne contient qu&#039;environ 8 milligrammes d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne par litre, tandis que <em>L&#039;air contient pr\u00e8s de 210 milligrammes par litre<\/em> \u2014 plus de 25 fois plus. De plus, le taux d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne diminue consid\u00e9rablement en eaux profondes, ce qui signifie que les poissons doivent disposer de syst\u00e8mes d&#039;extraction d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne tr\u00e8s efficaces pour survivre dans de telles conditions.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Double respiration chez certaines esp\u00e8ces<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Tous les poissons ne d\u00e9pendent pas uniquement de leurs branchies. Plus de <strong>450 esp\u00e8ces de poissons<\/strong> peuvent respirer l&#039;air directement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un double syst\u00e8me respiratoire, qui combine branchies, poumons, voire surfaces cutan\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Exemples\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le p\u00e9riophtalme :<\/strong> Originaire d&#039;Asie du Sud-Est, il peut vivre jusqu&#039;\u00e0 six jours cons\u00e9cutifs hors de l&#039;eau, en respirant directement l&#039;air.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le poisson-chat :<\/strong> Connu en \u00c9gypte sous le nom de <em>Qarmout<\/em>Ce poisson peut survivre sur terre tant que sa peau reste humide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Les mammif\u00e8res marins \u2014 un cas unique<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les baleines et les dauphins ne sont pas des poissons, mais des mammif\u00e8res marins qui respirent de l&#039;air. <em>par les poumons<\/em>Elles poss\u00e8dent un orifice sp\u00e9cial sur le dessus de la t\u00eate, appel\u00e9 \u00e9vent, qui se ferme herm\u00e9tiquement pendant la plong\u00e9e et s&#039;ouvre lorsqu&#039;elles remontent \u00e0 la surface pour inspirer de l&#039;air. Les baleines peuvent stocker de l&#039;\u00e9nergie. <a href=\"https:\/\/ugc.berkeley.edu\/background-content\/oxygen-levels\/\">grandes quantit\u00e9s d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne<\/a> dans leur corps, ce qui leur permet de rester immerg\u00e9s jusqu&#039;\u00e0 60 minutes, alors que les dauphins peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement retenir leur respiration pendant 8 \u00e0 10 minutes.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_10193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10193\" style=\"width: 850px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10193 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Dolphin-underwater.jpg\" alt=\"mother and baby dolphin in the blue sea breathe underwater\" width=\"850\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Dolphin-underwater.jpg 850w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Dolphin-underwater-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Dolphin-underwater-768x407.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Dolphin-underwater-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-10193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une seule respiration relie le dauphin \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la mer et au ciel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>Vous comprenez maintenant comment les animaux marins respirent sous l&#039;eau.<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La respiration chez les animaux marins est l&#039;un des exemples les plus remarquables d&#039;adaptation biologique. Tandis que les poissons utilisent leurs branchies pour extraire l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne de l&#039;eau, les mammif\u00e8res marins respirent l&#039;air gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leurs poumons, illustrant ainsi l&#039;extraordinaire diversit\u00e9 et l&#039;intelligence de la vie sous-marine. Comprendre ces m\u00e9canismes enrichit notre connaissance de la biologie marine et contribue aux efforts de conservation mondiaux visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l&#039;\u00e9quilibre fragile des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes oc\u00e9aniques. Si vous \u00eates inspir\u00e9(e) par ces m\u00e9canismes, n&#039;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter. <strong>explorez vous-m\u00eame ce monde cach\u00e9<\/strong>Hurghada Today propose des excursions en mer inoubliables qui vous permettront d&#039;admirer de pr\u00e8s la beaut\u00e9 de la vie marine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#039;eau des oc\u00e9ans et des mers contient une quantit\u00e9 importante d&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne dissous. Pourtant, si un \u00eatre humain tentait de respirer sous l&#039;eau, sa survie serait impossible.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[117,152],"tags":[162,167,165,161],"class_list":["post-10184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-marine-flora-and-fauna","tag-dolphins","tag-fish","tag-red-sea","tag-whales"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How do marine creatures breathe underwater? | Hurghada today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how sea creatures breathe underwater \u2014 from fish extracting oxygen with gills to mammals using lungs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hurghada-today.com\/fr\/how-do-marine-creatures-breathe-underwater\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How do marine creatures breathe underwater? 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